The economic consequences of a full-scale military confrontation between Iran and the United States cannot be reduced to short-term fluctuations in stock markets or sudden spikes in exchange rates...
Economic development in developing countries, particularly those governed by rentier and centralized structures, has always faced fundamental challenges regarding the fair distribution of resources...
The issue of suburbanization (marginal settlement) in the metropolis of Tabriz is not merely a physical and urban challenge; rather, it stands as one of the most complex strategic knots within the...
The outbreak of nationwide protests in Iran in January 2026, beyond being a social movement, constituted a concrete manifesto of the failure of the governance paradigm based on “strategic myopia.” In...
The National Government established in South Azerbaijan between 1945 and 1946 represents not merely a regional political transformation, but also the first comprehensive process of state formation and...
It is not possible to view the recent protests in Iran merely as a repetition of previous waves of discontent. What is visible today in the streets, on social networks, and even in the meaningful...
This study subjects the origins of early political figures and geographical centers, typically treated within the narrative of the “rise of the Persian Empire” in ancient Near Eastern historiography...
The military developments of 2020 and 2023 in the South Caucasus cannot be read merely as a territorial shift or a tactical victory for the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Karabakh War. These events...
Developments in 2026 point to an unprecedented convergence of accumulated crises in Iran. This situation has not only subjected the country’s monetary and fiscal system, but also its territorial...
